This guide is designed using the structure of the 2023/24 Pulane ya u Funza Yo Dzudzanywaho ya Naha: Tshivenḓa Luambo lwa Vhuvhili lwa U Engedza – Grade 12. The aim is to provide a complete, systematic plan that supports all teaching, learning, and assessment activities for the 2026 academic year.
Core CAPS Skills (ZWIKILI ZWA TPKL/LTT) for 2026
Teaching throughout the year must develop and integrate the following four language skills:
- U thetshelesa na u amba — Listening and speaking
- U vhala na u ṱalela — Reading and viewing
- Zwivhumbeo na milayo ya kushumisele kwa luambo — Language structures and conventions
- U ṅwala na u ṋekedza — Writing and presenting
These skills appear in every SBA task and in the final examinations.
TERM 1: Foundations, Narrative Writing, and Baseline Assessment (2026)
Term 1 (Weeks 1–11) focuses on strengthening Grade 11 foundations, introducing the prescribed literary text, and developing the full Process Writing method for essays and summaries.
Key Concepts and Assessment Structures (Term 1)
| Weeks | Focus Area | Core Teaching Concepts | Formal Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | Listening, speaking, language structures | Baseline assessment of Grade 11 knowledge. Introduction to ONE prescribed literary text (nganea/drama/short story/oral literature). Language in context. | MUSHUMO 1 (25 marks): Oral – Conversation (10–30 minutes per group or class) |
| 4–6 | Writing, presenting, language structures | Narrative and descriptive essays. Full Process Writing: planning, drafting, revising, editing, presenting. Adverbs and adjectives. | Informal writing task: Narrative or descriptive essay |
| 7–9 | Reading, viewing, writing, language structures | Oral presentation of a short report. Analysis of visual texts (graphs, photographs). Summary writing. SMS writing (short messages). | MUSHUMO 3 (40 marks): Literature/Contextual Questions |
| 10–11 | Writing, reading, presenting | Short transactional texts: poster and flyer. Completing forms and creating advertisements. Revision of language structures. | Informal: Poster or flyer production |
Resources and Remediation (Term 1)
Resources: Magazines, newspapers, dictionary, posters, flyers, application forms.
Remediation: Summary practice, revision of grammar rules, guided listening, and structured oral discussions.
TERM 2: Formal Communication and Mid-Year Examination (2026)
Term 2 (Weeks 1–11) focuses on structured oral communication, long transactional texts, critical language awareness, and preparation for the Mid-Year Examination.
Key Concepts and Assessment Structures (Term 2)
| Weeks | Focus Area | Core Teaching Concepts | Formal Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | Listening, speaking, writing, language structures | Giving directions (e.g., how a bus operates). Writing instructions. Revision of compulsory conjunctions. | MUSHUMO 4 (25 marks): Prepared Speech (1–2 minutes per learner) |
| 4–6 | Speaking, writing, presenting | Long transactional text: writing a speech. Reading for vocabulary development. Using language accurately in extended texts. | Informal: Prepared speech writing |
| 7–9 | Viewing, writing, language structures | Writing emails. Analysing cartoons and visual sequences. Diary entries. Writing formal letters (official correspondence). | MUSHUMO 5 (25 marks): Oral – Discussion |
| 10–11 | Examination and revision | Revision of verbs, adjectives, nouns. Completion of mid-year assessment. | MUSHUMO 6 (200/80): MID-YEAR EXAMINATION (Papers 1, 2, 3) |
Key Strategies for Term 2
• Apply the Process Writing method in all long writing tasks.
• Include intensive revision of grammar rules and structures.
• Encourage learners to practise formal and informal letters weekly.
TERM 3: Consolidation and Trial Examination (2026)
Term 3 (Weeks 1–11) introduces review writing, strengthens language structures, and prepares learners for the crucial Trial Examination.
Key Concepts and Assessment Structures (Term 3)
| Weeks | Focus Area | Core Teaching Concepts | Formal Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–4 | Listening, speaking, writing, presenting | Long transactional text: Review (book or film). Prepared reading aloud. Revision of narrative and descriptive essays. Comprehensive grammar revision. | MUSHUMO 6 (25 marks): Prepared Reading Aloud |
| 5–8 | Listening, viewing, language structures | Listening to a radio drama or recorded speech. Unprepared speaking (group discussions). Revision of singular and plural nouns. | Informal: Review writing |
| 9–11 | Intensive exam practice | Revision using previous exam papers. Focus on formal text study and reading strategies. | MUSHUMO 8 (200 marks): TRIAL EXAMINATION (Papers 1, 2, 3) |
Resources and Strategies for Term 3
• Use an examination technique booklet.
• Focus on patterns found in past national papers.
• Strengthen reading comprehension through daily short tasks.
TERM 4: Final Revision and Year-End Examination (2026)
Term 4 (Weeks 1–10) focuses entirely on high-level revision for the external NSC examinations.
Core Concepts and Examination Structure (Term 4)
| Weeks | Focus Area | Core Tasks | Final Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–4 | All CAPS skills | Intensive revision using past papers. Revision of writing formats and summaries. Formal group speaking to prepare for the oral exam. | Informal revision activities |
| 5–10 | Final examination | Completion of the NSC final assessments. | FINAL EXAM (300 marks total): • Paper 1: Language in context – 80 marks, 2 hours • Paper 2: Literature – 40 marks, 1.5 hours • Paper 3: Writing – 80 marks, 2.5 hours • Paper 4: Oral – 100 marks |
Final Guidance for 2026
Teachers must use past examination papers extensively.
The Process Writing method must still be reinforced during revision.
Learners should demonstrate clear, confident, and accurate language use across all skills.