Sepedi Grammar and Literature Words Meanings

On this page you will find most common Sepedi literature and grammar words and phrases meaning:

Akronimi

Sepedi: Lentšu la go bitšega leo le bopilwego ka tlhaka goba ditlhaka tša mathomo tša sekafoko goba leina. (Mohlala: Sepholeke – Setatamente sa Pholisi sa Lenaneothuto le Kelo).
English: Acronym – a pronounceable word formed from the initial letters of a phrase or name (e.g., “Sepholeke” for “Setatement of Policy on Curriculum and Assessment”).

Analotši

Sepedi:

Go hwetša ditshwano mo dilong tšeo ka tebelelo di bonagalago di fapana.
Tsela ya go hlatholla se sengwe ka go se tsweletša bjalo ka se sengwe, fela e sa hlatsele; go swanetše go ba le tshepelelano ya maleba.
English: Analogy –
Identifying similarities between things that appear different.
Explaining something by comparing it to something else in a way that aligns meaningfully.

Aneketote

Sepedi: Dikanegelo tša ditiragalo tše nnyane tšeo di anegwago go fa tshedimošo, boithabišo, tshegišo, goba go utolla moanegwa.
English: Anecdote – short stories about real events shared to inform, entertain, amuse, or reveal a character.

Animeišene

Sepedi: Thekniki ya go šomiša tatelano ya diswantšho tša go se šuthe, go di tšweletša e ke di a šutha goba di a phela.
English: Animation – a technique of using a sequence of still images to create the illusion of motion or life.

Kganetšosehloa

Sepedi: Ge dintlha tša godimo tšeo di bego di letetšwe di sa phethagatšwa, goba boithabišo bo sa fihlelelwa ka lebaka la tshegišo goba ditiragalo tše di se nago mohola.
English: Anticlimax – when expected important events or resolutions are replaced with trivial or humorous ones.

Anthisese

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya dikgopolo tše pedi tša go thulana goba dikgopolo tša go fapana tekatekanong ya phapantšho. (Mohlala: “go itlhaganela kudu, lebelo le le nyane”).
English: Antithesis – a contrast or opposition of two ideas in a balanced manner (e.g., “more haste, less speed”).

Baamogedi ba tshedimošo

Sepedi:

Babadi, batheeletši, goba babogedi ba setšweletšwa se itšego; bangwadi ba swanetše go hlokomela baamogedi ge ba ngwala.
Gabotsebotse, baamogedi ke bao ba bogetšego dipapadi goba mmino ge di diragatšwa.
English: Audience –
The readers, listeners, or viewers of a particular piece of content, considered during its creation.
Specifically, the spectators of a performance or musical event.

Badišiša

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go bala o fa mmadi sebaka se sengwe gape gore a kwešiše setšweletšwa se se lego bothata.
English: Rereading – a reading strategy that gives readers another chance to understand challenging material.

Bapetša

Sepedi: Go ela ka fao dilo di swanago goba di fapanago.
English: Comparing – examining how things are similar or different.

Bobotse bja ka gare

Sepedi:

Go hlokomela bobotse bja polelo ka go amogelwa ke mohola wa yona.
Botse bjo bo humanwago mošomong wa botaki bja bangwadi.
English: Intrinsic beauty – recognizing and appreciating the inherent artistry of language in literary works.

Boemo/Dikamano

Sepedi: Kamano e hlalosa maemo a bohlokwa, setšo, goba tša dipolitiki mo sengwalweng, gomme e na le mohola tlhalošong.
English: Context/Relationships – the relationship between the setting and the narrative, often influenced by social, cultural, or political factors.

Boikgopolelo

Sepedi: Go humana tlhalošo ya seo o sa se kwešišego ka go iša mogopolo kua le kua le go akanya ditlamorago.
English: Inference – drawing conclusions from indirect clues or details within the text.

Bomalementši

Sepedi: Ge motho a ithuta leleme le lengwe goba maleme a mantši go oketša Leleme la Gae la gagwe. Leleme le, ga le tšee sebaka sa Leleme la Gae, le ithutwa gotee le lona.
English: Multilingualism – the process of learning one or more additional languages alongside the home language without replacing it.

Difahloši tša boemo/Dikamanotirišo

Sepedi: Mantšu ao a potapotile lentšu la go se tsebje, ao a šomišwago go hwetša tlhalošo ya lentšu leo le sa kwešišwego.
English: Contextual clues – words or phrases surrounding an unknown term that help clarify its meaning.

Dikahlaahlo tša phanele

Sepedi: Dikahlaahlo tšeo di dirwago ke phanele, di sekaseka goba ngangišana sererwa se itšego ka dipotšišo le dikarabo.
English: Panel discussions – evaluations or debates conducted by a panel to analyze or discuss specific topics.

Dipoleloselete

Sepedi: Dipolelo tšeo di šomišwago mafelong a mannyane, di ka fapana ka polelwana, tlhaka, le tlhabošo ya mantšu.
English: Dialects – language variations spoken in specific areas, often differing in vocabulary, structure, or pronunciation.

Dipotšišotherišano

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go nyakišiša tshedimošo ka dipotšišo, e ka ba ka bomolomo goba ka mokgwa wa go ngwala.
English: Structured interviews – a method of gathering information using a set of organized questions, either orally or in writing.

Dithalwa

Sepedi: Ditšweletšo tša botaki tše di bonwago, bjalo ka diswantšho tšeo di thadilwego.
English: Visual arts – artistic works such as drawings, sculptures, or illustrations.

Dithekniki tša dithalwa tša sinema

Sepedi: Mokgwa goba mekgwa yeo e šomišwago go bopa le go tšweletša filimi. (Mohlala: tlhamo, go bonega, goba mohuta wa go tšea diswantšho).
English: Cinematic techniques – methods and tools used in filmmaking, such as lighting, framing, and camera angles.

Ditšweletšwa tša go bonwa

Sepedi: Tshedimoso yeo e tlišwago ka kemedi ya go bonwa (mohlala: diswantšho tša filimi, dinepe, goba dikhathune).
English: Visual texts – information presented through visual media such as films, images, or cartoons.

Ditšweletšwa tša makgonthe

Sepedi: Tshedimoso ya nnete ya go dirwa le go šomišwa ntle le dingwalo (mohlala: diathikele tša kuranta, dipapatšo, goba direkhoto tša radio).
English: Factual texts – authentic texts like newspaper articles, advertisements, or radio records that represent real events or information.

Ditumatshwano

Sepedi: Lentšu leo le bitšwago le peletwa ka tsela ye e swanago fela le na le ditlhalošo tša go fapana. (Mohlala: “thaba” (leina) le “thaba” (lediri)).
English: Homonyms – words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings, e.g., “bank” (financial) and “bank” (river edge).

Fonte

Sepedi: Mohuta le bogolo bja ditlhaka tše di šomišwago ge go ngwalwa. (Mohlala: Times New Roman, 12pt).
English: Font – the type and size of text used in writing (e.g., Times New Roman, 12pt).

Foramo

Sepedi: Ngangišano ya sehlopha ka dikarolo tša sererwa goba maikemišetšo a itšego, moo barutwana ba arotšwego ka dihlopha tša go boledišana.
English: Forum – a group discussion or debate where participants are divided into smaller teams to discuss or defend aspects of a topic.

Gatelela (mo lentšung goba lefokong)

Sepedi: Go fa kgodišegelo mo kgaolong ya lentšu goba go gatelela sererwa ka bohlokwa bja sona.
English: Emphasis – stressing a part of a word or a statement to highlight its importance.

Go bona dilo ka lehlakore le tee (Sterothaepe)

Sepedi: Go thekga dikgopolo tšeo di sa fetogego mabapi le karolo ye motho a swanetšego go e bapala.
English: Stereotype – a fixed and oversimplified idea or belief about a person or group.

Go ruma

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go šomiša difahloši tša go ngwalwa le tša go bonwa, go utolla seo se utollwego ka dikgopolo.
English: Summarizing – using written or visual cues to extract core ideas from a text.

Hlatholla

Sepedi: Go hlalosetša mmadi ka tsela yeo e ka kwešišegago, ka mohlala goba ka mantšu a hlakilego.
English: Explain – providing clear and concise clarification for the reader or audience.

Hlogotaba

Sepedi: Ke hlogo ya ditaba tšeo di bolelwago goba tšeo di ngwalwago di lebišitšwe go yona. E laola tatelano ya polelo.
English: Main topic – the central idea or focus of discussion or writing that guides the structure of communication.

Hlola

Sepedi: Seo se tšweletšago tiragalo goba seemo (lebelela gape poelo).
English: Cause – an event or condition that brings about a particular outcome.

Kanegelo

Sepedi: Kgokagano ya go bolelwa goba ya go ngwalwa ka tatelano ya ditiragalo.
English: Narrative – a connection of events told or written in a sequential order.

Kaparetšo

Sepedi: Theo ya go kgetha mekgwa ya go ruta le go ithuta ye e theilwego go boikgopolelo, bokgoni, le setaele sa morutwana.
English: Differentiation – tailoring teaching and learning styles to match a learner’s needs, skills, and preferences.

Kelelo

Sepedi:

Lentšu le tšwa go moela wa noka, le akaretša bohlokwa bja go fa polelo botse, bonolo, le go e hlatholla ka tlhago.
Maemo a go amogelega a taolo ya dibopego tša polelo.
English: Flow – the natural rhythm and coherence of speech or writing, making it easy to understand and interpret.

Kelo

Sepedi: Tshepetšo ya go tšwelela ya ditsela tše di fapafapanego tša go kgoboketša tshedimoso ka ga bokgoni bja morutwana.
English: Assessment – a process of gathering information about a learner’s abilities and progress.

Kelotšweledi

Sepedi: Kelo ya mešongwana ye e phethwago ka ngwaga ka moka.
English: Continuous assessment – evaluation of a learner’s performance throughout the year.

Kemedi

Sepedi: Selo sa go ema sebakeng sa se sengwe.
English: Symbol – something that represents or stands in for another thing.

Kgegeophetogi/Mafelelo

Sepedi: Mafelelo ao a bego a sa letelwa, ao a sa dumegwego gore papadi e ka tšwela pele goba fela ka tsela yeo.
English: Twist ending – an unexpected conclusion or resolution of a story.

Kgegeotiragatšo

Sepedi: Ge babogedi ba tseba tšeo di tlogo diragalela baanegwa mola bona ba sa tsebe.
English: Dramatic irony – when the audience knows more about the events or consequences than the characters.

Kgokagano ya motheo le ba bangwe

Sepedi: Mabokgoni ao a thušago motho go tsenela le go kgokagana le ba bangwe.
English: Interpersonal skills – basic abilities that enable someone to engage meaningfully with others.

Kodutlo

Sepedi:

Polelo ya lenyatšo goba tlhabošo ya lentšu go bontšha go se loke goba go swarolla maikutlo.
Polelo ya go hlola maikutlo a go galefa goba go latola.
English: Sarcasm – a statement meant to mock or criticize, often disguised as praise, provoking strong emotions.

Kgegeo

Sepedi: Setatamente sa go ba le tlhaloso e sa amogelegego ya polelo ya go se felele goba maemo a sa tlwaelegago.
English: Irony – a statement or situation with an unexpected or contradictory meaning.

Kgegeotiragatšo/Kgegeoteramatiki

Sepedi: Ge babogedi ba tseba ka godimo ga maemo le ditlamorago go feta baanegwa, go tsoša maikutlo a mabapi le tiragalo.
English: Dramatic irony – when the audience has more knowledge of the circumstances and consequences than the characters.

Kgethollo

Sepedi: Go tšea lehlakore ka go kgetha selo, kgopolo, goba motho o tee go feta yo mongwe.
English: Bias – showing preference for one idea, person, or thing over another, often leading to unfair judgment.

Kgohlagano

Sepedi:

Kgokagano ya dikgopolo ka tatelano e nepagetšego, e fa temana botee.
Sebopego sa polelo yeo e sa šomišwago ka tsela e hlakilego, e timetša moelelo.
English: Coherence – logical connection of ideas or sentences that ensures unity in a text or statement.

Kgokagano

Sepedi: Kgokagano ya mafoko le ditemana ka makopanyi, mašala, goba poeletšo.
English: Cohesion – connecting words, phrases, or sentences using conjunctions, pronouns, or repetition.

Kgwekgwe

Sepedi: Tabakgolo sererweng; e ka ba le dikgwekgwe tše mmalwa tša go hloka pepenene.
English: Theme – the main idea or focus of a text, often with multiple interpretations.

Leganetši/Lelatodi

Sepedi: Lentšu la go ganetša goba go latola le lengwe polelong (mohlala: “thabile” le “nyamile”).
English: Antonym – a word that opposes the meaning of another word, e.g., “happy” and “sad.”

Lehlalošetšagotee

Sepedi: Lentšu leo le nago le tlhalošo ya go swana le le lengwe polelong e tee. Mahlalošagotee a ka tliša diphapano tša mohola polelong.
English: Synonym – a word that has a similar meaning to another word in the same context, though it might bring subtle differences in meaning.

Lekola

Sepedi: Go lebeledišiša goba go badišiša ka tsinkelo go fa dikgopolo goba go dira dikahlolo.
English: Analyze – to examine carefully and systematically in order to provide insights or make evaluations.

Lekopanyi

Sepedi: Lentšu la go šomišwa go kopanya dithabe, mantšu, dikafoko, goba mafoko.
English: Conjunction – a word used to connect clauses, phrases, or words.

Leleme la Gae

Sepedi: Polelo yeo bana ba ithutago yona ka gae, e lego polelo ye re naganago ka yona.
English: Home language – the language a child learns at home and uses as their primary medium of thought.

Lelemetlaleletšo

Sepedi: Polelo ye e ithutwago go oketša Leleme la Gae, ntle le go tšea sebaka sa lona.
English: Additional language – a language learned alongside the home language to enhance linguistic skills.

Lentšu

Sepedi: Polelo ya tlhabošo goba ya go ngwalwa yeo e kwewago goba e kwešišwago ke bao ba e theeleditšego goba ba e balago.
English: Word – a unit of speech or writing understood by listeners or readers.

Lentšu la kanego/Ntlatšediko

Sepedi: Lentšu le la moanegi le ka tšwelela ka motho wa pele (nna) goba motho wa boraro (yena/bona).
English: Narrative voice – the perspective from which the narrator speaks, either in the first person (I) or the third person (he/she/they).

Letšo

Sepedi: Lentšu leo le bopilwego ka go tšea hlogo goba moselana go tšwa lentšung le lengwe (mohlala: “mosepelo” go tšwa go “sepela”).
English: Derivative – a word formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a root word (e.g., “movement” from “move”).

Litheresi

Sepedi: Tsebo le bokgoni bja go ngwala, bala, le kwešiša ka bohlale le go hlalosa ditšweletšwa.
English: Literacy – the ability to read, write, and understand, as well as to interpret and express ideas effectively.

Mabokgoni a go kwešiša mantšu

Sepedi: Mekgwa ya go kwešiša mantšu a sa tsebjego ka go kgaogantšha dinoko goba go lebelela dihlogo le meselana ya lona.
English: Vocabulary strategies – methods like breaking words into syllables or analyzing prefixes and suffixes to understand unfamiliar words.

Mabokgoni a thutokwešišo

Sepedi: Bokgoni bja go ithuta ka tsela ya mohola le go tswelela ka lenaneothuto.
English: Study skills – strategies and techniques to help learners progress effectively through the curriculum.

Mainatlhangwa ka medumo (Onomathopia)

Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya mantšu a hlalosago modumo woo o hlolwago ke se sengwe (mohlala: “meo”).
English: Onomatopoeia – words that imitate sounds associated with their meaning (e.g., “buzz” or “sizzle”).

Mahlakorentši a mediya

Sepedi: Mekgwa ya go šomiša ditšweletšwa tša ngwalwa, bonwa, modumo, di-video, le tše dingwe.
English: Multimedia – methods integrating written, visual, auditory, and video content.

Maleba/Tshwanelo

Sepedi: Polelo e swanetša go ba ya maleba le maemo ao e šomišwago go ona (mohlala: “Re a lotšha” e lebane le hlompho).
English: Appropriateness – language that is suitable and respectful for a given context or situation.

Mantšu a go se nyakege

Sepedi: Mantšu a go ba le bothata ka lebaka la go hloka mohola goba a fošagetšego.
English: Redundant words – unnecessary or excessive words that do not add value to the content.

Melao

Sepedi: Melao yeo e laolago tšhomišo ya polelo, go akaretša dibopego, maswaodikga, le mongwalo.
English: Rules – guidelines for language use, including grammar, punctuation, and formatting.

Melawana ya polelo tšhielano

Sepedi: Setlwaedi sa go fa bagoeledi goba bareti sebaka sa go bolela ka go boeletša le go nolofatša ditlhalošo.
English: Turn-taking rules – conventions ensuring fair participation and clarification during discussions.

Mmepe wa Monagano

Sepedi: Kemedi ya kgwekgwe goba sererwa yeo e beakantšwego ka go thalwa ka mantšu a magolo le dikgopolo tše kgolo.
English: Mind map – a diagram used to visually organize ideas and concepts around a central topic.

Modirišo

Sepedi: Boemo bja maikutlo goba foreimi ya monagano wa moanegwa; gape e ka hlaloša moya wa ditšweletšwa tša go bonwa, tša go theeletšwa, le tša mahlakorentši.
English: Tone – the attitude or frame of mind of a character; it also refers to the emotional atmosphere created by visual, auditory, or multimedia texts.

Mohuta wa Sengwalo

Sepedi: Ditšweletšwa ge di hlophilwe go ya ka mehuta ya tšona, bjalo ka padi, papadi, theto, lengwalo la kgwebo, goba lengwalo la segwera.
English: Genre – categories of writing or artistic works, such as novels, plays, poetry, business letters, or informal letters.

Mokgwa

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa peakanyo goba tatelano ya go rarolla bothata.
English: Method – a structured way or sequence used to address and solve a problem.

Mokgwatirišo (Mode)

Sepedi: Mokgwa goba tsela ya go hlagiša goba go boledišana, bjalo ka mokgwatirišo wa go ngwalwa, wa bomolomo, goba wa go bonwa.
English: Mode – the method or manner of communication, such as written, oral, or visual modes.

Morumokwano

Sepedi: Mantšu goba methalotheto yeo e felelago ka modumo o swanago.
English: Rhyme – the repetition of similar sounds at the end of words or lines in poetry.

Mošito

Sepedi: Poeletšo ya patrone ya medumo yeo e tlwaelegilego.
English: Rhythm – a regular pattern of sounds or beats in language, poetry, or music.

Mothalonako

Sepedi: Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo go ya ka tatelano ya nako.
English: Chronological order – the arrangement of events in the order they occur in time.

Mothofatšo

Sepedi: Go fa dilo tše di sa phelago dika tša batho.
English: Personification – attributing human characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.

Moya

Sepedi: Maikutlo ao a aparelago mmadi goba babogedi ka sengwalo le tikologo ya sona.
English: Mood – the emotional setting or atmosphere created by a text or story.

Ngangišano

Sepedi: Phenkgišano gare ga dihlopha tše pedi tšeo di ikemišeditšego go kgodiša moahlodi ka ntlhatebelelo ya sererwa sa tšona.
English: Debate – a formal discussion or argument between two opposing teams, aiming to persuade a judge or audience.

Nyalantšho ya dikgopolo

Sepedi: Kgoboketšo ya dikgopolo go tšwa methopong ya go fapana le kakaretšo ya go kwagala ge di kopantšwe.
English: Synthesis – combining ideas from various sources into a coherent and unified understanding.

Nyefolo/Lenyatšo

Sepedi: Polelo ya go swara motho ka tsela ya go gatelela, kweša bohloko, goba kgopiša.
English: Defamation – statements made to damage someone’s reputation intentionally.

Ntlhatebelelo

Sepedi: Ka fao moanegwa a bonwago goba a hlaloswago ka gona mabapi le ditaba tša padi goba papadi.
English: Character portrayal – the way a character is described or presented in a story or play.

Oksimorone

Sepedi: Motswako wa mantšu ao a na le ditlhalošo tša kganetšano, a šomišwago ka boomo go tliša poelo (mohlala: “sephiri se se pepeneneng”).
English: Oxymoron – a combination of contradictory words used deliberately to create a specific effect (e.g., “deafening silence”).

Palogape

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go bala gape, ka molomo goba ka go ngwala, o hlaloša temana goba kgaolo.
English: Repetition – the act of reading or reviewing a section again, either orally or in writing, to reinforce understanding.

Paradokese

Sepedi: Polelo ya go bonala e ikganetša, eupša ka morago e na le kwešišego goba tlhaologanyo (mohlala: “Ge o inyakela, o itahle”).
English: Paradox – a statement that seems contradictory but, upon reflection, reveals a deeper truth or insight.

Paronimi

Sepedi: Mantšu ao a bopšwago ka go tšwa go modu o tee (mohlala: “sepetlele” le “sepela”).
English: Paronyms – words derived from the same root but with different meanings.

Pebofatšo

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya lentšu goba kgopolo ka tsela ye e amogelegego yeo e tlošago lefeela goba nyefolo.
English: Euphemism – a polite or mild expression used to replace harsh or unpleasant terms.

Phane

Sepedi: Papadišo ya mantšu ao swanago goba a nago le modumo o swanago go hlama tshegišo. (Mohlala: “Barwadi ba melora ba lala ba lora ba rwala melora bošego.”)
English: Pun – a humorous play on words that have similar sounds or meanings.

Phapantšho

Sepedi: Go bona ka fao dilo di fapanago.
English: Contrast – identifying differences between things.

Poelo

Sepedi: Ditlamorago tša tiragalo goba seemo.
English: Effect – the outcome or result of an event or condition.

Poeletšomodumo

Sepedi: Patrone ya modumo ya go akaretša poeletšo ya ditumammogo, e ka hwetšwa mathomong a mantšu goba ka gare ga mantšu.
English: Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words.

Poeletšatumanoši

Sepedi:

Poeletšo ya ditumanoši mantšung a mabedi goba go feta. (Mohlala: “Bana ba ba bapala ka santa.”)
Ditumanoši tša go swana goba tša go batamela ka modumo di ka šomišwa.
English: Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.

Pego

Sepedi: Go fa dipoelo tša maemo (e ka ba ya semmušo goba ya go se be ya semmušo).
English: Report – a formal or informal statement presenting findings or outcomes (e.g., accident report).

Pheteletšannete ya Tshegišo

Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya go feteletša ka boomo ka tsela ya tshegišo goba go hlakisa.
English: Exaggeration for humor – deliberate overstatement for comedic or dramatic effect.

Pheteletšo

Sepedi: Go feteletša ka tsela ya go fetišiša se sa šomago gabotse. (Mohlala: “O mphile thaba ya dijo.”)
English: Hyperbole – intentional exaggeration for emphasis or effect.

Phošolla

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go ngwala gape le go lokiša diphošo tša polelo, maswaodikga, le mepeleto, goba go hlopholla dikgopolo gore di be le kgokagano le kgohlagano.
English: Editing – the process of revising and correcting language, grammar, punctuation, and coherence in a text.

Polelo ya Dika

Sepedi: Mantšu a go šišinya ka dika go gorosa molaetša. (Mohlala: Tshwantšhišo, mothofatšo, goba tshwantšhanyo.)
English: Figurative language – expressions using figures of speech to convey meaning (e.g., metaphor, personification).

Polelo ya go Jabetša

Sepedi: Polelo ya go goketša goba go khuetša maikutlo a batho ba bangwe.
English: Persuasive language – language aimed at influencing or convincing others.

Polelothwii

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ye e lego pepeneneng ya mantšu, go fapana le polelo ya dika.
English: Literal language – straightforward and explicit meaning of words.

Polelo ya go Ama Maikutlo

Sepedi: Polelo ya go tsoša maikutlo a tseneletšego.
English: Emotive language – language designed to provoke deep feelings.

Polelommileng

Sepedi: Polelo ya go šomišwa lebakanyana ke batho ba mohuta o itšego (bafsa, bašomi ba moepong), e se ya semmušo.
English: Slang – informal language used briefly by specific groups.

Poleloyammele

Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya mmele go fetola molaetša. (Mohlala: Go šikinya hlogo go bontšha gore o a gana.)
English: Body language – using physical gestures or movements to communicate.

Polelosemmotwana

Sepedi: Polelo ya lefelo le le itšego, e fapana le polelo yeo e tlwaelegilego.
English: Dialect – a regional variety of a language differing in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.

Polelo ya Sethaka

Sepedi: Polelo ya sehlopha sa batho bjalo ka baswa, e sa ratego goba e se ya semmušo.
English: Colloquial language – informal language often used within a particular social group.

Potšišo Makgethepolelo

Sepedi: Potšišo ye e botšišwago go gatelela, yeo e sa nyakago karabo. (Mohlala: “Ge nkabe e se ka tokologo, nkabe re le kae?”)
English: Rhetorical question – a question asked for effect rather than to elicit an answer

Retšistara

Sepedi: Go šomiša mantšu, setaele, thutapolelo, le segalo go ya ka maemo goba dikamano tše di fapanego. (Mohlala: Ditokomane tša semmušo di ngwadilwe ka retšistara ya semmušo, mola mangwalo a segwera a šomiša retšistara ya go se be ya semmušo.)
English: Register – the use of language, style, grammar, and tone appropriate to the context or situation, such as formal language for official documents and informal language for friendly letters.

Sathaya

Sepedi: Dikhathuni tša go šomiša kodutlo le kgegeo go swayaswaya, kudu go swana le dikhathuni tša sepolitiki.
English: Satire – political or social cartoons that use sarcasm and irony to critique or highlight issues.

Sebopego sa Tiragatšo

Sepedi:

Setaele sa go kgethega seo dipapadi di ngwalwago ka sona.
Peakanyo ya thulaganyo, ditiro, lefelo la tiragalo, baanegwa, le diponagatšo tša polelo pading.
English: Dramatic structure –
The unique style or format used in writing plays or dramatic texts.
The organization of plot, actions, settings, characters, and dialogue in a drama.

Sedirišwa sa Polelo Kgatelelo

Sepedi: Sedirišwa se bjalo ka khutšo goba poeletšo, se šomišwago ke mongwaledi goba seboledi go šušumetša goba go kgodiša.
English: Rhetorical device – a tool such as pauses or repetition used to persuade or influence the audience.

Segalo

Sepedi:

Patrone ya tlhabošo ya medumo yeo e laetšago sebopego sa thutapolelo.
E laetša phapano gare ga dipotšišo le ditatemente le maikutlo a seboledi.
Boleng bja lentšu goba dipapatšo tšeo di bontšhago maikutlo a setšweletšwa.
English: Tone –
The pattern of pitch or sound reflecting grammar, such as questions or statements.
The distinction between questions, statements, and speaker emotion.
The emotional delivery or mood created by the spoken or written language.

Sehloa

Sepedi: Karolo ya bohlokwa goba maatla pading, ye gantši e sa direge mafelelong.
English: Climax – the most intense, important, or pivotal part of a story.

Sekima

Sepedi: Go bala ka go kitimiša mahlo go hwetša tshedimoso ya maleba, bjalo ka pukung ya dinomoro tša mogala.
English: Skimming – quickly reading through text to find key information.

Sekena

Sepedi: Go bala ka tsinkelo go hwetša dikgopolo tše kgolo. (Mohlala: Direrwa tša kuranta.)
English: Scanning – reading carefully to extract main ideas or specific information.

Setaele

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa mongwadi wa go beakanya mantšu, a kopanya kgopolo le sebopego sa ditatemente.
English: Style – the unique way a writer organizes words to convey ideas, incorporating choices in vocabulary, sentence length, tone, and use of figurative language.

Sethalwakgobošo

Sepedi:

Feteletšo ya sebopego sa moanegwa ka go goboša tsela ya gagwe ya go lebelelega.
Dikhathune gantši di šomiša tshegišo ka tsela ya go feteletša goba go šaetša.
English: Caricature –
An exaggerated depiction of a character’s features to create humor.
A satirical drawing or description, often seen in cartoons.

Setšweletšwa

Sepedi: Setatemente goba tlhagišo ya kgokagano ya go ngwalwa, ya go bolelwa, goba ya go bogelwa.
English: Text – any form of communication, whether written, spoken, or visual.

Setšweletšwa sa Tirišano

Sepedi: Dingwalo tša mohola, bjalo ka mangwalo, metsotso ya dipokano, goba difekese.
English: Transactional text – functional writing such as letters, meeting minutes, reports, or faxes.

Tekatekanyo

Sepedi: Papetšo ya go bontšha magato a fapanego, bjalo ka “mo” (kgato 1), “moo” (kgato 2), le “mola” (kgato 3).
English: Progression – a comparison or distinction shown through stages or degrees, often in storytelling or examples.

Thabe

Sepedi: Thabe ke lefoko goba kgopolo ye e feletšego. (Mohlala: “Monna o tšhabile.”) Thabenyane ke karolo e itšetšego ka thabekutu, eupša e ka se ikemele ka noši. Gantši e thoma ka lekopanyi goba lešalahlaolo.
English: Clause – a group of words that contains a subject and predicate. Subordinate clauses depend on the main clause and usually begin with conjunctions or relative pronouns.

Thoma

Sepedi: Go thoma (mohlala: “Go thoma poledišano”).
English: Initiate – to start or begin something, such as a conversation.

Thulano

Sepedi: Kgakgano ya dikgopolo, dikganyogo, goba baanegwa ka gare ga padi goba kanegelo.
English: Conflict – a struggle or clash between opposing forces, ideas, or characters in a story.

Thulaganyo

Sepedi: Tatelano ya ditiragalo le kamano ya tšona ka gare ga setšweletšwa.
English: Plot – the sequence of events and their relationship within a narrative.

Thulaganyotlaleletšo

Sepedi: Ditiragalo tše di sepedišanago le thulaganyo ya padi, eupša di ka se be karolo ya bohlokwa kudu.
English: Subplot – secondary events or narratives that run parallel to the main plot.

Tlhalošo ya ka Gare

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya maikutlo, dikgopolo, goba maemo ao a sa bolelwago pepeneneng, eupša a tšweletšwa ka tsela ya setšweletšwa.
English: Implied meaning – the inferred or suggested meaning not explicitly stated in the text.

Tlhalošo Taetšo

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya molaleng ya lentšu, go lebeletšwe maemo ao le lego ka gona.
English: Denotation – the literal or primary meaning of a word, distinct from its connotations.

Tlhalošopepeneneng/Tlhalošothwii

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya sekao ka mo go thwii, e sa akanywe ka tsela e se nago tokologo.
English: Literal meaning – the straightforward definition of a term or situation, without figurative interpretation.

Tlhalošotharedi

Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya kgopolo goba sebopego se se akanywago fela se sa bolelwago thwii.
English: Figurative meaning – an interpretative or symbolic explanation derived from a text.

Tlhalošontši

Sepedi: Ge mantšu a nago le ditlhalošo tše mmalwa, gomme go ka ba le dikgopolo tša go se fele tokologo.
English: Ambiguity – the presence of multiple meanings or interpretations of a word or statement.

Tlopelago

Sepedi: Mantšu, dikafoko, goba mafoko ao a ka tlogelwago ntle le go fošega ga kgopolo.
English: Ellipsis – the omission of words that are understood in context without changing the meaning.

Tsebotsinkelo ya Polelo

Sepedi: Kwešišo ya kamano ya maatla le polelo, e thušago barutwana go šomiša polelo ka tlhokomelo le bohlale.
English: Meta-linguistic awareness – the ability to analyze and understand the structure and use of language.

Tšakone

Sepedi: Mareo ao a šomišwago ke sehlopha goba mohuta o itšego wa mešomo (mohlala: “Morutiši,” “Barutwana”).
English: Jargon – specialized terms used by a particular group or profession.

Tšakone ya Polelo

Sepedi: Polelo ye e dirišwago go hlalosa mareo a thutapolelo le dingwalo, bjalo ka “dikamano,” “setaele,” goba “thulaganyo.”
English: Meta-language – language used to describe linguistic and textual terms.

Tšweletšontšu

Sepedi: Go hlaboša le go hlaloša ka tsela yeo e lego bonolo gore batheeletši ba kwešiše.
English: Articulation – clear and effective delivery of speech or ideas.

Theopele

Sepedi: Ka thwii, e hlaloša maemo a sediri kgauswi le bokapele, eupša ka mokgwa wa seka, e gatelela ntlha e itšego.
English: Foregrounding – emphasizing a specific element or perspective in a narrative or visual medium.

Tshwantšhišo

Sepedi: Go hlaloša selo ka tsela ya go se bapetša le se sengwe ka dika tša go swana (mohlala: “Thuto ke senotlelo sa katlego”).
English: Metaphor – a comparison stating that one thing is another to highlight similarity.

Tshwantšhokakanyo

Sepedi: Kakanyo ya seswantšho ka monaganong, ye e bopilwego ka tshwantšhanyo, mothofatšo, goba diswantšho tše dingwe tša dikgopolo.
English: Imagery – mental pictures or visualizations created through descriptive language.

Tshekamelo ka Lehlakoreng le Tee

Sepedi: Go kgethologanya goba go ahlola ka motheo wa maikutlo a sehlopha, motho, goba kgopolo.
English: Bias – the inclination or prejudice in favor of or against a person, group, or idea.

Dibopego tša Lefoko le Melao ya Tšhomišo ya Polelo

Sepedi: Dibopego tša polelo le mehlala ya tshepetšo ya tšhomišo ya yona le dikarolo tše di fapanego.
English: Structure of words and grammar rules – explaining the forms of words and their usage in sentences.

Dikarolo tša Mantšu (Parts of Speech)

Dihlogo, Medu, le Meselana

Sepedi: Karolo ya lentšu ye e akaretšago karolo ya mathomo (hlogo), motheo (modu), le ditlhomeso (meselana).
English: Root, stem, and suffix – the base structure of words, including prefixes and suffixes.

Maina (Nouns)

Sepedi:

Mainakgopolo: Maina a se nago tlhago (mohlala: boikgantšho).
English: Abstract nouns – words representing intangible ideas (e.g., pride).
Maina a Tlhago: Maina a nnete (mohlala: mohlabani).
English: Concrete nouns – words for physical things (e.g., a soldier).
Mainagokwa: Maina a magareng (mohlala: naga).
English: Common nouns – general words for categories (e.g., country).
Mainakgoboko: Maina a magolo (mohlala: Limpopo).
English: Proper nouns – specific names of people, places, or things (e.g., Limpopo).
Mainapalo: Maina a bontšago dipalo (mohlala: kgopo e tee).
English: Numeral nouns – nouns indicating numbers.

Sediri le Sedirwa (Subject and Object)

Sepedi: Bong (masculine or feminine) le Bontši (plural).
English: Subject and object agreements (gender and number).

Nyenyefatšo le Mainamatšo

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go fokotša le go oketša mohola wa leina (mohlala: mošemanyana – nyenyefatšo, mošemagolo – mainamatšo).
English: Diminutives and augmentatives – to reduce or increase emphasis on a noun (e.g., little boy, big boy).

Mašala (Pronouns)

Sepedi: Pronouns divided into types:

Mašalašupi: Pronouns indicating possession (e.g., sa gagwe).
Mašalarui: Relative pronouns (e.g., yo a).
Mašalaina: Indefinite pronouns (e.g., motho yo mongwe).
English: Types of pronouns, such as possessive, relative, and indefinite pronouns.

Madiri (Verbs)

Mokgwa wa Go Šomiša Madiri

Lefetedi le Lefeledi: Transitive and intransitive verbs.
English: Transitive verbs require an object, while intransitive verbs do not.
Lediri la Go Se Latelwe ke Sedirwa: Verbs that don’t require an object.

Madiri le Meselana ya Ona

Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go hlomela madiri ka meselana (mohlala: -ya pele ga mošomo).
English: Verb formation and its modifiers (e.g., prefixes or suffixes).

Mabopi le Matšwamadiri

Sepedi: Lediri le šomiša sebaka (mohlala: a tla go bona).
English: Auxiliary verbs and tense-related verbs.

Mahlalošagotee le Malatodi

Sepedi: Lentšu leo le nago le tlhalošo e tee goba tše di fetanago (mohlala: kgopolo e tee – mahlalošagotee, diphaphano – malatodi).
English: Synonyms (words with similar meanings) and antonyms (words with opposite meanings).

Mahlaodi (Adjectives)

Sepedi:

Mahlaodipalo: Go laetša palo (e.g., e tee).
Mahlaodimašupi: Laetša tatelano ya dilo (e.g., wa pele).
Mahlaodimarui: Mantšu a maatla (e.g., a bohlokwa).
English: Adjectives indicating quantity, sequence, or strength.

Mahlathi (Adverbs)

Sepedi: Adverbs classified by usage:

Nako: Time (e.g., bjale).
Mokgwa: Manner (e.g., ka bonolo).
Felo: Place (e.g., kua).
English: Adverbs of time, manner, and place.

Mabotšiši (Interrogatives)

Sepedi: Dipotšišo tše di sa nyakago dikarabo (mohlala: “A ka go thabiša mang?”).
English: Rhetorical questions – questions posed for effect, not expecting answers.

Makopanyi (Conjunctions)

Sepedi: Makopanyi a šomišwago go kgokaganya ditemana le mafoko ka tatelano goba kamano.
English: Conjunctions – words connecting phrases or clauses (e.g., “ka morago ga fao,” “ka gore”).

Tlhathollo le Poelo

Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya kamano magareng ga tiragalo le ditlamorago.
English: Cause and effect – explaining the relationship between events and their outcomes.

Melao ya Polelo le Mopeleto

Sepedi:

Khutsofatšo le Diakronimi: Tšhomišo ya mantšu a khutsufaditšwego goba akronimi (mohlala: SEPHOLEKE).
Tatelano ya Mantšu: Go šomiša mantšu ka tatelano ya mohola.
English: Grammar and spelling rules, including abbreviations, acronyms, and word order.

Tsinkelo le Temogo ya Polelo

Sepedi: Go lebelela ka fao polelo e šomišwago ka gona, e ka ba ka tsinkelo goba kgetho ya mantšu.
English: Linguistic awareness – understanding how language operates, focusing on word choice and inference.

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